For music, there are added copyrights and considerations. This page is for the songwriting student who may be interested in the rights surrounding their creations and also the rights of others when using outside material for their songs.
These books are good resources for more in-depth information on copyright, contracts, licencing, and so much more!
Music Law Handbook for Canada by 
All You Need to Know about the Music Business by Public performing rights are the rights to perform music in a public venue. When your music is played publically by others, you technically are owed royalties (SOCAN, 2022).
Mechanical Rights covers the right for music to be reproduced on CDs, as MP3s, etc.
Synchronization rights are the rights to synchronize music with images, such as in a film or YouTube video.
Print rights are the rights to print the music, such as chord or lyric sheets.
While you may be able to use short snippets of other songs without permission using the fair dealing guidelines, when the music is sold commercially or widely distributed, the use can be considered "less fair." If, after following the guidelines and weighing the options, the use does not fall into fair dealing, you will need to seek permission from the original creator. If the work is in the public domain, permission is not required.
It's best (or at least good) practice to include this permission in the credits accompanying the music.
"File:Tim Hawes, songwriter, producer, publisher.jpg" by Tim Hawes is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
Copyright (as with other cases) generally begins at the time of creation if the work is original and fixed in material form. However, a good practice is to include a copyright statement on the music and all copies.
The statement could look like "© creator name, date" or include the word "copyright" instead of the ©.
While the creator of the music could own all the copyrights (as long as other agreements/licences have not been signed), the artwork, if not created by the musician, also has copyrights attached. Unless there is a statement saying otherwise, copyrights for any artwork (such as a CD cover), belongs to the artwork creator (Sanderson, 2014).
Either way, it is a good practice to provide attribution/acknowledgements to other creators and consent to use the material should be obtained.
Some music is created by more than one person. For example, someone might write the lyrics while another writes the music. Since both people created the work, both hold the copyrights, unless an agreement has been reached. Without an agreement assigning copyright to only one of the creators, licencing permission is needed from both creators for any of the rights listed above.
This is different from American Copyright which would allow either to grant non-exclusive licences as long as the other partner was included in the profits (Passman, 2019).